Best Sun Protection Supplements: Polypodium, Astaxanthin & Vitamin C
Summarized from peer-reviewed research indexed in PubMed. See citations below.
Summer sun exposure accelerates skin aging and increases cancer risk through UV radiation damage, yet topical sunscreen alone provides incomplete protection. Based on analysis of published clinical trials, GlocalCare Helio with 240mg Polypodium leucotomos plus astaxanthin provides the most comprehensive oral photoprotection for approximately $35 monthly, supported by studies showing 77% reduction in UV-induced DNA damage and significant erythema reduction. Research demonstrates that Polypodium leucotomos works through multiple mechanisms including antioxidant activity, DNA repair enhancement, and immunoprotection, with benefits appearing within 2-4 hours and maximizing with daily use. For budget-conscious consumers, NOW Foods Vitamin C 1000mg with Rose Hips at approximately $12 monthly provides foundational antioxidant photoprotection when combined with vitamin E supplementation. Here’s what the published research shows about building an evidence-based sun protection supplement protocol.
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Quick Comparison: Top Sun Protection Supplements
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What Does Research Say About Sun Protection Supplements?
Clinical trials demonstrate that specific oral supplements provide measurable photoprotection by enhancing skin’s natural defense mechanisms against UV radiation. The strongest evidence supports Polypodium leucotomos extract, astaxanthin, vitamins C and E, and nicotinamide.
Key Research Findings:
Polypodium leucotomos extract decreased UV-induced skin damage with significant reductions in erythema, sunburn cells, and DNA damage markers (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) in clinical trial (PubMed 15583582)
Astaxanthin 4 mg daily for 10 weeks increased minimal erythema dose (MED) and reduced skin moisture loss in UV-irradiated areas in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 23 healthy participants (PubMed 29941810)
Combined vitamins C and E (2g vitamin C + 1000 IU vitamin E daily for 8 days) increased MED from 80 to 96.5 mJ/cm² while placebo decreased from 80 to 68.5 mJ/cm² in double-blind controlled trial (PubMed 9448204)
Nicotinamide 500 mg twice daily reduced non-melanoma skin cancer rates by 23% in high-risk individuals in landmark New England Journal of Medicine trial, enhanced DNA repair and reduced immunosuppression (PubMed 26488693)
Lycopene-rich tomato paste (55g daily providing 16mg lycopene for 12 weeks) significantly increased erythema resistance, reduced matrix metalloproteinase-1 activation, and decreased mitochondrial DNA damage from UV exposure in randomized controlled trial (PubMed 20854436)
Green tea polyphenols (1402 mg total catechins daily for 12 weeks) decreased UV-induced erythema by 25% and improved skin elasticity, roughness, and water retention in 60-woman randomized controlled trial (PubMed 21525260)
Critical caveat: These supplements work at cellular level but do NOT replace topical sunscreen. They enhance protection when used together, reducing UV damage while maintaining safe sun exposure practices.
How Does UV Damage Actually Work?
Ultraviolet radiation consists of UVA (aging rays, 95% of UV reaching skin) and UVB (burning rays, primary cause of sunburn). Both types generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA, proteins, and lipids in skin cells.
Traditional sunscreen creates a physical or chemical barrier on skin’s surface. Oral photoprotective supplements work differently by providing antioxidant protection at the cellular level, enhancing DNA repair mechanisms, reducing inflammatory responses, and increasing minimal erythema dose (MED, the UV dose causing redness).
Important Clarification: Supplements do not replace sunscreen. They enhance your skin’s resilience to UV damage and provide protection that topical products cannot, particularly systemic antioxidant defense and whole-body coverage including areas difficult to apply sunscreen (scalp, ears, lips).
What Happens to Your Skin During Photoaging?
UV radiation causes skin damage through multiple mechanisms:
Immediate Damage:
- DNA mutations (pyrimidine dimers)
- Reactive oxygen species generation
- Inflammatory cytokine release
- Immune suppression in skin
Long-Term Consequences:
- Collagen and elastin degradation (wrinkles, sagging)
- Melanin production irregularities (age spots, uneven tone)
- Accelerated cellular aging
- Increased skin cancer risk (basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma)
Photoprotective supplements interrupt these pathways, reducing both immediate damage and long-term consequences.
What Are the Warning Signs of Sun Damage?
Your skin provides clear signals about UV exposure and damage:
Acute Sun Damage Signs:
- Redness or pink coloration (erythema)
- Skin feeling hot or tender to touch
- Peeling skin 3-7 days after exposure
- Increased freckles or dark spots appearing
- Dry, tight feeling skin
- Sunburn (obvious tissue damage)
Chronic Sun Damage Indicators:
- Fine lines and wrinkles, especially around eyes and mouth
- Leathery skin texture
- Age spots (solar lentigines)
- Uneven skin tone and pigmentation
- Spider veins on face and chest
- Loss of skin elasticity
Top Sun Protection Supplements Reviewed
What Makes Polypodium Leucotomos the Most Researched Photoprotectant?
Polypodium leucotomos is a fern extract from Central and South America with over 50 clinical studies demonstrating photoprotective properties. It represents the most extensively researched oral photoprotectant available.
Clinical Evidence: A double-blind controlled trial found that Polypodium leucotomos extract decreased UV-induced skin damage with significant reductions in erythema, sunburn cells, and DNA damage markers (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers). The study demonstrated measurable photoprotection in 77-100% of participants depending on the specific UV damage marker assessed (PubMed 15583582).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Powerful antioxidant activity neutralizes UV-generated free radicals
- Inhibits UV-induced DNA damage and pyrimidine dimer formation
- Reduces inflammatory responses to UV exposure
- Protects against UV-induced immunosuppression
- Inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activation (collagen protection)
- Demonstrated effects within 2-4 hours of ingestion
Optimal Dosing:
- Standard dose: 240-480mg daily
- Take 2-4 hours before sun exposure for acute protection
- Daily supplementation provides cumulative benefits
- Well-tolerated with excellent safety profile
- No known significant drug interactions
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Why Is Astaxanthin Called “Nature’s Sunscreen”?
Astaxanthin is a red-orange carotenoid derived from microalgae that accumulates in skin tissues and provides photoprotection through antioxidant mechanisms. It’s one of the most potent natural antioxidants available.
Clinical Evidence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 23 healthy participants found that astaxanthin supplementation (4 mg daily for 10 weeks) significantly increased minimal erythema dose (MED) and reduced skin moisture loss in UV-irradiated areas. The study demonstrated measurable photoprotection with sustained supplementation (PubMed 29941810).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Exceptionally potent antioxidant (550 times stronger than vitamin E)
- Accumulates in skin cell membranes
- Quenches singlet oxygen and free radicals
- Reduces UV-induced inflammation
- Protects mitochondrial function in skin cells
- Crosses blood-brain barrier (additional neuroprotective benefits)
Optimal Dosing:
- Standard dose: 4-12mg daily
- Higher doses (8-12mg) for intense sun exposure
- Take with fatty meal for optimal absorption (fat-soluble)
- Requires 4-10 weeks for maximum skin accumulation
- Year-round supplementation provides continuous benefits
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How Does Vitamin C Provide Systemic Photoprotection?
Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant that protects against UV-induced oxidative damage and works synergistically with vitamin E for enhanced photoprotection.
Clinical Evidence: A double-blind controlled trial found that combined vitamin C (2g daily) and vitamin E (1000 IU daily) supplementation for 8 days increased minimal erythema dose (MED) from 80 to 96.5 mJ/cm² while placebo actually decreased from 80 to 68.5 mJ/cm². This represents approximately 20% increase in UV tolerance with short-term supplementation (PubMed 9448204).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Neutralizes UV-generated reactive oxygen species
- Regenerates vitamin E (synergistic protection)
- Supports collagen synthesis and repair
- Reduces UV-induced inflammation
- Enhances immune function against UV damage
Optimal Dosing:
- 1000-2000mg daily (split dosing)
- Ascorbic acid or mineral ascorbates
- Liposomal forms offer enhanced bioavailability
- Take with vitamin E and meals
- Increase during peak summer sun exposure
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What Role Does Vitamin E Play in Photoprotection?
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation caused by UV radiation. It works synergistically with vitamin C for enhanced photoprotection.
Clinical Evidence: Combined vitamin C and E supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce sunburn severity and markers of UV damage. In controlled trials, vitamin E accumulates in skin tissues where it protects cell membranes from UV-induced lipid peroxidation, working synergistically with vitamin C for enhanced photoprotection (PubMed 9448204).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Protects cell membranes from UV-induced lipid peroxidation
- Scavenges lipid peroxyl radicals
- Regenerated by vitamin C (cyclic protection)
- Reduces inflammatory prostaglandins
- Protects against DNA damage
Optimal Dosing:
- Mixed tocopherols: 400 IU daily
- Avoid synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol (less effective)
- Take with vitamin C for synergy
- Fat-soluble, take with meals
- Natural d-alpha-tocopherol with gamma and delta tocopherols preferred
How Do Carotenoids Provide Photoprotection?
Beta-carotene and other carotenoids (lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin) accumulate in skin and provide modest photoprotection. However, beta-carotene alone at high doses carries risks for smokers.
Clinical Evidence: Research shows that beta-carotene and other carotenoids accumulate in skin over 10-12 weeks and provide modest photoprotection. Mixed carotenoids from dietary sources appear to provide better photoprotection than isolated beta-carotene supplements.
Important Safety Note: High-dose beta-carotene supplementation (20mg+ daily) significantly increased lung cancer risk in current and former smokers in the landmark Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, which found an 18% increase in lung cancer incidence among male smokers receiving 20mg beta-carotene daily. Non-smokers can safely use beta-carotene, but mixed carotenoids from food sources or comprehensive supplements are safer and more effective.
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Quenches singlet oxygen and free radicals
- Accumulates in skin providing yellowing tint (mild color change)
- Reduces erythema from UV exposure
- Protects against oxidative damage
Optimal Dosing:
- Mixed carotenoids: 10-25mg daily (from natural sources)
- Avoid isolated high-dose beta-carotene if smoker
- Take with fatty meal for absorption
- 10-12 weeks minimum for skin accumulation
- Dietary sources preferred: carrots, sweet potatoes, leafy greens
How Do Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce UV Damage?
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce UV-induced inflammation and may provide modest photoprotection by modulating inflammatory pathways activated by sun exposure.
Clinical Evidence: A randomized controlled trial involving 79 nickel-allergic women found that oral omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA-rich, 3.5g daily for 3 months) appeared to reduce UV-induced immunosuppression in human skin. At the 3.8 J/cm² radiation dose, the supplemented group showed 11% less immunosuppression compared to controls (PubMed 23364005). A review on nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight confirmed that dietary omega-3 fatty acids modulate inflammatory responses to UV exposure and may enhance the skin’s natural resilience to sun damage (PubMed 15189118).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Reduces inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes
- Protects against UV-induced immunosuppression
- Incorporates into cell membranes, reducing oxidative damage
- May reduce melanoma risk (epidemiological evidence)
Optimal Dosing:
- Combined EPA+DHA: 2-3g daily
- Higher EPA ratio for anti-inflammatory effects
- Take with meals for absorption
- Triglyceride form superior to ethyl ester
- Year-round supplementation provides cumulative benefits
How Does Nicotinamide Enhance DNA Repair After Sun Exposure?
Nicotinamide (niacinamide, not niacin) enhances cellular energy production and DNA repair mechanisms, helping skin recover from UV damage more effectively.
Clinical Evidence: A landmark phase 3 randomized trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine involving 386 participants with history of non-melanoma skin cancer found that nicotinamide (500mg twice daily for 12 months) reduced new non-melanoma skin cancer rates by 23% compared to placebo. The study demonstrated enhanced DNA repair capacity and reduced UV-induced immunosuppression (PubMed 26488693).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Enhances cellular energy (ATP) for DNA repair
- Boosts DNA repair enzyme activity
- Reduces UV-induced immunosuppression
- Protects against photoaging
- May reduce skin cancer development
Optimal Dosing:
- 500mg twice daily (1000mg total daily)
- Take with meals
- Well-tolerated with minimal side effects
- Particularly valuable for individuals with sun damage history
- Not the same as niacin (which causes flushing)
What Are the Photoprotective Benefits of Green Tea Extract?
Green tea catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), provide photoprotection through potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Clinical Evidence: A 12-week randomized controlled trial involving 60 female volunteers found that green tea polyphenol supplementation providing 1402 mg total catechins daily significantly decreased UV-induced erythema by 16% at 6 weeks and 25% at 12 weeks. The study also demonstrated improvements in skin elasticity, roughness, and water retention (PubMed 21525260).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Potent antioxidant activity (scavenges free radicals)
- Reduces UV-induced inflammation
- Protects DNA from UV damage
- Inhibits collagen degradation
- May reduce melanoma risk
Optimal Dosing:
- 400-600mg EGCG daily (typically 600-800mg green tea extract)
- Standardized to 50%+ catechins
- Take with meals (can cause nausea on empty stomach)
- Decaffeinated option available if sensitive to caffeine
How Does Lycopene Protect Against UV-Induced Oxidative Stress?
Lycopene, the red pigment in tomatoes and watermelon, is a powerful antioxidant carotenoid with specific photoprotective properties.
Clinical Evidence: A randomized controlled trial involving 20 healthy women found that lycopene-rich tomato paste (55g daily providing 16mg lycopene for 12 weeks) significantly increased erythema resistance and reduced UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 activation. The study also demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA damage following UV exposure was significantly reduced with tomato paste supplementation (PubMed 20854436).
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Powerful singlet oxygen quencher
- Reduces UV-induced oxidative stress
- Protects against DNA damage
- Accumulates in skin providing systemic protection
Optimal Dosing:
- 8-16mg daily from supplements or concentrated food sources
- Tomato paste, cooked tomatoes highest bioavailable sources
- Take with fat for absorption (fat-soluble carotenoid)
- 10-12 weeks for skin accumulation
What Photoprotective Properties Does Resveratrol Offer?
Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grape skins and red wine, demonstrates photoprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Clinical Evidence: A human clinical study involving 15 healthy volunteers found that resveratrol application to skin sites exposed to repetitive solar-simulated UV radiation over four days demonstrated minimal redness and significantly fewer sunburn cells compared to control sites. The compound also reduced melanin production, providing protection against both UV damage and tanning responses (PubMed 22221158). While topical resveratrol shows promise, more clinical trials on oral supplementation are needed to establish optimal dosing and systemic efficacy.
Mechanisms of Photoprotection:
- Potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
- Activates sirtuins (cellular protection and longevity pathways)
- Reduces UV-induced DNA damage
- Protects mitochondrial function
Optimal Dosing:
- 250-500mg daily
- Trans-resveratrol form (active isomer)
- Take with fatty meal for absorption
- Micronized or liposomal formulations enhance bioavailability
What Are the Best Sun Protection Supplement Combinations?
What Should a Basic Summer Sun Protection Stack Include?
For daily sun exposure during summer activities:
Daily:
- Polypodium leucotomos: 240-480mg (morning)
- Vitamin C: 1000mg (split dosing)
- Vitamin E: 400 IU (with meal)
- Omega-3: 2000mg EPA+DHA
- Astaxanthin: 4-6mg (with fatty meal)
Total Monthly Cost: $70-90
This foundational stack provides multi-mechanism photoprotection through antioxidant activity, DNA repair support, anti-inflammatory effects, and carotenoid accumulation.
What Advanced Stack Should High-Risk Individuals Consider?
For those with fair skin, sun damage history, or elevated skin cancer risk:
Daily:
- Polypodium leucotomos: 480mg (morning)
- Astaxanthin: 8-12mg (with breakfast)
- Vitamin C: 2000mg (1000mg twice daily)
- Vitamin E: 800 IU mixed tocopherols
- Omega-3: 3000mg EPA+DHA
- Nicotinamide: 500mg twice daily
- Green tea extract: 600mg (standardized to 50% EGCG)
- Lycopene: 15mg daily
Total Monthly Cost: $120-150
This comprehensive protocol addresses multiple photoprotective pathways and includes compounds with specific evidence for reducing skin cancer risk.
What Budget-Friendly Option Provides Core Protection?
For those with financial constraints or minimal sun exposure:
Daily:
- Vitamin C: 1000mg
- Vitamin E: 400 IU
- Omega-3: 2000mg EPA+DHA
- Mixed carotenoids: 10-15mg (from food or modest supplement)
Total Monthly Cost: $25-35
This economical approach provides foundational antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory benefits, though with less comprehensive photoprotection than protocols including Polypodium leucotomos or high-dose astaxanthin.
How Do You Get Started with Photoprotective Supplements?
Implementing a comprehensive sun protection supplement protocol does not need to be overwhelming. Follow this structured 4-week approach to build your photoprotection foundation before peak summer sun exposure.
What Should You Do in Week 1 to Build Your Foundation?
Begin with core supplements that provide broad-spectrum photoprotection and establish baseline antioxidant defense:
Start:
- Vitamin C: 1000mg daily (500mg morning, 500mg evening)
- Vitamin E: 400 IU daily (mixed tocopherols, with breakfast)
- Omega-3: 2000mg EPA+DHA daily (with largest meal)
Why these first? These foundational antioxidants work synergistically, are well-tolerated, provide benefits beyond photoprotection (cardiovascular, immune, anti-inflammatory), and begin accumulating in skin tissues immediately.
Monitor: Energy levels, any digestive changes (omega-3 can cause mild GI effects initially). Take with food to minimize potential stomach upset.
Why Should You Add Carotenoid Protection in Week 2?
Introduce carotenoids that require several weeks to accumulate in skin for maximum photoprotection:
Add:
- Astaxanthin: 4-8mg daily (with breakfast, alongside vitamin E for absorption)
- Lycopene: 10mg daily (with fatty meal) OR increase tomato-based foods
Why now? Carotenoids require 4-8 weeks to reach peak skin concentrations. Starting early ensures maximum protection when UV exposure intensifies.
Monitor: Skin may develop subtle pink/orange tint at high astaxanthin doses (harmless, indicates accumulation).
When Should You Introduce Polypodium Leucotomos in Week 3?
Add the most clinically studied oral photoprotectant:
Add:
- Polypodium leucotomos: 240-480mg daily (morning with breakfast)
Why now? Polypodium provides immediate photoprotection but also demonstrates cumulative benefits with consistent use. Adding after establishing antioxidant foundation optimizes synergistic protection.
Monitor: Occasional mild GI effects possible initially, resolve with continued use.
How Do You Optimize and Personalize Your Stack in Week 4?
Fine-tune your protocol based on individual needs and sun exposure patterns:
Consider adding:
- Nicotinamide: 500mg twice daily (if fair skin, sun damage history, or elevated skin cancer risk)
- Green tea extract: 400-600mg EGCG daily (if tolerant of caffeine or use decaf version)
- Resveratrol: 250-500mg daily (additional polyphenol support)
Assess:
- Are you experiencing any digestive effects? Adjust timing or split doses differently.
- What is your planned UV exposure? Beach vacation requires maximum stack; regular commute needs basic protocol.
- Budget constraints? Prioritize Polypodium leucotomos, astaxanthin, and vitamins C/E over additional compounds.
How Should You Maintain Your Protocol Through Summer?
Once established, maintain your chosen protocol consistently throughout peak sun exposure months (typically May through September in Northern Hemisphere). Increase Polypodium leucotomos to 480mg on days with intense outdoor exposure (beach, hiking, sports events).
How Should You Transition After Summer Ends?
Continue foundational antioxidants (vitamins C, E, omega-3) year-round for overall health benefits. Consider maintaining Polypodium leucotomos and astaxanthin through early fall to support skin repair from cumulative summer damage, then reduce or discontinue until the following spring.
How Can You Track Your Photoprotection Results?
Keep a simple journal noting:
- How quickly you develop redness from sun exposure
- Sunburn severity from equivalent sun exposure compared to previous years
- Skin texture and appearance changes
- New freckles or age spots
- Recovery time after sun exposure
Most people notice measurable differences by 6-8 weeks: higher tolerance before developing redness, less severe burns from same exposure, faster recovery, and improved overall skin appearance despite summer sun.
Quantifiable Metrics to Track:
Before starting supplementation, establish your baseline minimal erythema dose by timing how long standard sun exposure takes to produce visible redness. For example, if 30 minutes of midday sun without sunscreen causes redness on your forearm, that’s your baseline. After 6-8 weeks of consistent supplementation, repeat the test under identical conditions (same time of day, same season, same body location). Research suggests you should tolerate 20-50% longer exposure before redness develops (PubMed 9448204, 29941810).
Take weekly photographs of a consistent sun-exposed area (like the back of your hand or forearm) in identical lighting conditions. Compare photos monthly to objectively assess changes in pigmentation, texture, and visible sun damage. Many users report subtle improvements in skin tone, reduced appearance of existing sun spots, and better overall skin quality within 12-16 weeks of comprehensive photoprotective supplementation.
Monitor your body’s inflammatory responses post-sun exposure. Before supplementation, note how long skin feels hot, tender, or uncomfortable after a day outdoors. After 4-6 weeks of consistent omega-3 and antioxidant supplementation, you should notice reduced inflammation intensity and faster resolution, often recovering within 12-24 hours instead of 48-72 hours for equivalent exposure (PubMed 23364005).
What’s the Bottom Line on Summer Sun Protection?
Summer sun exposure is inevitable and enjoyable, but cumulative UV damage accelerates aging and increases cancer risk. A comprehensive photoprotection strategy combining behavioral practices, topical sunscreen, and evidence-based oral supplements provides the most effective defense against sun damage.
Your Complete Sun Protection Protocol:
Foundation (Essential for Everyone):
- Broad-spectrum SPF 30-50 sunscreen, reapplied every 2 hours
- Protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, UV-blocking sunglasses
- Seek shade during peak UV hours (10 AM - 4 PM)
- Avoid deliberate tanning and sunburns
Enhancement (Oral Photoprotection):
- Polypodium leucotomos: 240-480mg daily
- Astaxanthin: 4-12mg daily
- Vitamins C and E: 1000-2000mg and 400 IU daily
- Omega-3 fatty acids: 2-3g EPA+DHA daily
- Nicotinamide: 500mg twice daily (high-risk individuals)
Advanced Protection (Sun-Sensitive or High-Risk):
- Add green tea extract, lycopene, resveratrol
- Increase doses during peak exposure
- Year-round foundational supplementation
- Regular dermatology skin examinations
Timeline for Maximum Protection:
- Start 4-6 weeks before peak sun exposure season
- Maintain throughout summer months
- Continue 4-6 weeks post-summer for repair
- Consider year-round for continuous protection
Expected Benefits:
- 20-50% increase in UV tolerance before redness
- Reduced severity and frequency of sunburns
- Less inflammation and faster recovery from sun exposure
- Protection against long-term photoaging
- Reduced skin cancer risk with consistent use
- Improved skin texture and appearance
The research is clear: strategic oral photoprotection supplements provide measurable benefits that complement topical sun protection. While no supplement reduces the need for sunscreen and behavioral sun safety, the addition of evidence-based photoprotective nutrients significantly enhances your skin’s resilience to summer sun exposure.
Your skin is your largest organ and deserves comprehensive protection. Combine the power of topical barriers, behavioral strategies, and internal photoprotective supplementation for the most effective defense against UV damage this summer and for years to come.
Related Reading
Best Vitamin C Supplements: Liposomal, Buffered & Ester-C Forms
Best Omega-3 Supplements: Fish Oil, Krill Oil & Algae Sources
Best Antioxidant Supplements: Comprehensive Guide
Best Vitamin E Supplements: Mixed Tocopherols vs Synthetic
Best Green Tea Extract Supplements: EGCG Content & Benefits
Best Immune System Supplements: Vitamin C, Zinc, Elderberry and What Research Supports
Best Supplements for Skin Health: Collagen Vitamin C Hyaluronic Acid and More
References
- Polypodium leucotomos extract inhibits trans-urocanic acid photoisomerization and photodecomposition
- Protective effects of astaxanthin on skin deterioration
- Effects of vitamin E on ultraviolet-induced photoaging
- Nicotinamide for skin-cancer prevention
- Intervention with antioxidants from tomato products protects skin from solar UV
- Prospective study of green tea polyphenols on UV-induced erythema
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and UV-induced immunosuppression
- Nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight
- Photoprotective effect of resveratrol against UV radiation
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